Convertible car.



' PATENTED MAY 31, 1904.

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CONVERTIBLE cm.-

APPLIGA'I'IO! FILED AUG. 31, 1003'.

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PATENTBD MAY 31, 1904.

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APPLIOATIOH FILED AUG. 21, 1903.

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No. 761,296. PATENTED MAY 31; 1904. CONVERTIBLE OAR.

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x UNITED STATES Patented May 31, 1904..

PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY E. HADDOCK, .OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO P JOHN A; BRILL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CONVERTIBLE OAR. f

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 761,296, dated May 31, 1904-.

Application filed. August 21,1903. Serial No. 170,240. (No model.) i i useful Improvements in Convertible Cars, of

' which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to make a car.

that can be readily converted from a so-called closed or winter car to a summer or f open car. sides of .the car are made up of a number of sashes and panels which can be easily slid or moved into such a position that they will 00- cupy the least possible space and at the same time into a position that is not used for any other purpose, so that the panels will not be in the wayof the occupants of the car nor in the way of those having charge of thecar This is accomplished without extending the height or in any way bulging any part of the car, so that the conventional shape of the car may be retained. I

A further object of my invention is to provide a means whereby the sashes may be slid over each other toconserve space in storage and to expedite the movement into the storage space and also a locking and guiding means for locking the sashes in any position in which they may be placed. w

Additional features and advantages will appear from the following description, in which reference is made to the accompanying draw-v ings, forming a part hereof, in which- Figures 1 and 2 are sectional views taken 11 is a section taken on the line 11 11 of Fig.

1 looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 12 shows the guide-frame. Figs. 13, 14, and 15 are an end elevation, a perspective view,

and a side elevation, respectively, of a spring In order to accomplish this, the.

Fig. 3'is a side elevation for supporting the sashes. Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19 are detailed views showing the sash fasteners.

. Throughout the various views similar reference characters designate similar parts.

1, crossings 2, and flooring 3. From the sills extend the grooved stanchions/1, which sup- ,port'a roof 5 in the usual manner. I The stanchions 4: are united by fixed panels 6, with the curtains 7 and curtain-rods 8 secured in the con.- ventional way, and suitable curtain-grooves 9 are formed in the stanchions 4E. stanchions are also provided with grooves 10 and 11 on each side for the sashes 12 and 13 and panels 14 and with metallic guiding-j frames 15. The groove 11 is made so as to form apart of the lower portion of'the groove- 10 at one side thereof and deeper, as shown, in Figs. 7 and 9.1 The upper portion of the groove 10 is deepened so as to permit the frame 15 to be sunk into the stanchiont, so :that the outer surface ofthe frame 15 is flush.

with the lower portion of the groove 10, and an edge of the frame. 15, together with a wall of the groove 10, forms a groove 16, which is a continuation of the groove 11, so that the '5 panels 14 may slide freely over the frames The upper ends of the stanchions 4 are enlarged to form horns 17 and theframes 15 are bifurcated at 18 to form two arms 19 and 520, the arms-l9 being angular in cross-section These The car'is provided with the usual side sills and extending parallel to the panels 6 to form therewith grooves 21, which are continua ition's of the grooves 16,'and thearrns 20 form guides for trunnions on the sashes, as will hereinafter appear. While the frame 15'may; be made in one integral piece, it is found more convenient to divide it into several constitutent parts, and so it is preferably made of three pieces, which are divided on the line 22 a little above the crotch 18. The frames 15- are provided with grooves 23, which: extend fromtheir lower ends above the crotches 18 and lines 22 to projections 24:, where one edge is curved outwardly, then downwardly, and then upwardly to form a pocket 25, and then the groove, 23 continues somewhat enlarged in the arms 20 in directions approximately. parallel to the arms 19. The arms .20 terminate near the ventilators of the roof, and at their upper ends and depending therefrom are diverging webs 26, with flanges 27, which extend far enough to support the sashes 12 as appears below. Each end of the grooves 23 terminates in the frames 15, and these frames are secured in position by means of screws 28, which pass through perforations either in the groove 23 or in ears 29, made integral with the arms 19 and 20. The frames are .also provided with perforations 30, which are adapted to receive bolts on the sashes. Immediately below the pocket 24 the stanchion 4 is cut away to form grooves 31, which are deep enough to be flush with the outer surface of the frames 15 and extend far enough to hold the upper sashes 13.

The panels 14 each contain upper and lower bars 32 and 33, respectively, which are connected by outer and inner sheets of metal 34 and 35, the outer sheet 34 being fixed to both bars 32 and 33 by any suitable means, such as tacks or nails. The inner sheet 35 is fixed to the lower bar 33 and terminates at the upper bar 32, where its end is overlapped by a metal strip 36, so that this end may have a relative movement between the strip and bar and yet not be disengaged from either. Slats 37 and 38 are secured to the sheets 34 and 35, respectively, to stiffen the panel without diminishing its capacity to slide in curved grooves. The panel is so made that the sheets 34 and 35 engage the walls of the grooves 10, and the sheet 35 extends into the grooves 11 and is guided thereby and by the grooves 16 and 21 when the panel is raised. The ends of the bars 32 and 33 and the slats 37 and 38 are slightly chamfered at their ends adjacent to the sheet 35, so that the panel may fit and take the grooves 10. The bar 33 is provided with a strip 39 at its lower edge, which is long enough to engage the walls of the grooves 11, and between the sheet 35 and strip 11 are sash-locks 40, which may be of any suitable construction. The bar 32 is provided with handholds 41 on its inner surface and with plates 42, which are adapted to engage the walls of the grooves 11. The upper surface of the bar-32 is provided with a tongue 43.

The lower sash 12 is of ordinary construction and comprises the frame 44 and glass 45, which is held in place by strips 46. Plates 47 with trunnions 48 are sunk into the upper edges of the sides of the frame, and movable trunnions 49, operated by locks 50, are situated in lower edges of the sides. The trunnions 49 may be moved by the locks 50 out of the perforations 30, but not out of the grooves in the frame 15 when the sash is in use. The lower end of this sash is provided with a groove which is adapted to engage the tongue 43. Attached to the locks 50 are handholds 51. For convenience the handle 50 of the lock 50 is placed adjacent to the a spring 49, which rests between said collar" and a lug 50 on the casing when the handle 50 is depressed. YVhen the handles 50" are depressed, the sash may be raised or lowered, and the relative positions of the handles 50 and handholds 51 facilitate this operation. The frame 44 is properly mortised to receive the bolt 49, and the casing 50 is secured by screws 50' or in any other desired manner.

Springs are secured to the upper and inner sides of the frame 44. These springs 60 each comprise a shank 61 with perforations 62, through which screws are passed to secure the spring to the sash,-and the shank 61 is integral with a leaf-spring 63, the ends of which are united by a second and oppositely-curved leaf-spring 64. The springs 63 and 64 are both integral, being stamped out of the same piece of metal, and they are separated by a slit and oppositely bent, as above described. Taken together with the integral shank they form the spring 60, which rests against the inner wall of the groove 10 when the sash is in the position shown in Fig. 1 and against the flange 27 when in the position shown in Fig. 2. At all times the springs 60 hold the sash 12 firm and prevent it from rattling or making any movement when the car is in motion. As the leaves 63 and 64 are on opposite sides of the dividing-slit the spring may be compressed until perfectly fiat without injury, so that it may occupy a minimum space in the groove 10. This effect is further increased by having the leaf 64 extend beyond the outer edge of the frame .44.

The upper sash 13, which is separate and distinct from the lower sash and may be of any suitable size relative thereto, although it is preferably made, as indicated, with a frame 52, a glass 53, and strips 54 to secure glass in place. This sash has plates 55 at its upper edges which are sunk flush with the surface and provided with trunnions 56. These plates 55 are provided with curved edges 55, which extend beyond the inner sides of the frame 52, and near their upper ends these plates 55 have integral lugs 55, which rest on the upper edge of the frame 52 and assist in holding the plates in position. At their upper ends the plates 55 are bent inwardly and downwardly to form hooks 57, which are adapted to engage the trunnions 49 when the sash 12 is raised, so that after this engagement the sashes 12 and 13 will be raised together and the curved ed gcs 55 will engage the plates 47 to more firmly secure the ends 13 to the sash 12.

Each of the upper and lower sashes are identical with those above described.

When the parts of the car are assembled an open condition.

and put together, as indicated in Fig. ,1, the sashes 12 and 13 rest, withtheir trunnions, in the groove 23, and the trunnions 56 on the sash 13 restdn the pockets 24, sov that the sash is vertically below in the grooves 31, and the sashes 12 and-13 overlap at their upper and lower edges,'respectively, so that the outer edgeof the former rests against the inner edge of the latter. The sash 12 rests on the panel14. v

From the foregoing the operation and advantages of my improvementwill be readily understood. Assuming the partstobe in the positions indicated in Fig. 1, when the car is adapted to be used as awinter car it is changed to the open condition by withdrawing the trunnions 49 from the sockets or perforations 30 and raising the sashes 12 until thetrunnions 48 engage the hooks 57, when both sashes Will be raised together and thetrunnions will guide them in the groove 23 because of itspeculiar shape until the sash 12 rests on the fiange27 and the trunnions 48 have reached the ends of the grooves 23, when the movable trunnions 49 may slide into the uppersockets 30 and secure bothv sashes in their most elevated positions, where they will.

be completely'concealed beneath the roof of the car by the panel 6. I The'catches 40 are then released and the panel 14 is raised and guided by the grooves 11, 16, and 21 until it is concealed by the panel 6, when it is secured in place by the catches 40. 1 These steps are repeated until. all panel and sashes are raised, when the car will be changed from a closed to To change the car from an open to a closed condition, the steps are reversed by first releasing andlowering the panels 14. Then the sashes are releasedkand lowered together until the trunnions 56 on the upper sashes engage the walls of the pockets 25, when the hooks 57 release the trunnions 48, leaving the sash l3 snug in the grooves 31,

' and the lower sash is lowered until it occu-.

pies the position shown in Fig. 1.

It is obvious that byincreasing the number of perforations 30 the lower sash may be raised and the window opened any desired distance while the car is in its closed condition.

From the foregoing itis apparent that the improvements therein described enable the sashes to overlap the entire length of the smaller and that one rests on the other in the top of'the open can. This structure economizes so much space, as is apparent from Fig.

the same ease and efliciency in any other structure.

While I have shown and described one embodiment of my invention, it is obvious that many others may be made which are equivalent structures. Y 7

Having described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a convertible car or similar vehicle,

stanchions, guides in said stanchions, a panel whose movement is determined by said guides, a sash whose movement is partially determined by. said guides, and a second sash which engages the first sash and moves with it after and not before the first sash has reach ed a predetermined point.

2. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, guides with irregular sides form- 8o .ing pockets, upper andlower sashes sliding I between said stanchions, the upper sash haV- per sash which rests in said pockets when thesashirests in sai grooves, and trunnions on the lower sash engaging said guides.

4. In a convertible car or similar vehicle,

stanchions, guides in said stanchions with irregular walls forming pockets above grooves in said stanchions, upper and lower sashes en- 7 gaging said guides and stanchions so that the upper sash is adapted to slide at one side of the lower sash.

5. In a convertible car or similar vehicle,

stanchions, a movable panel, upper and lower sashes Slldll'lg between sald stanchions and provided with overlapping edges.

6. In a convertible car or slmilar vehicle, stanchions, overlapplng sashes sliding between said stanchions, curved guides onsaid stan- 1 chions, and trunnions on said sashes engaging I said guides.

7. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchlons, overlapping sashes shdmg between said stanchions, guides forming grooves, one

grooveon each of said stanchions, and trunnions onsaid sashes engaging said guides.

8. Ina convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, overlapping sashes sliding between said stanchions, guides in said stanchions and a panel whose movement is determined by said guides.

9. In a convertible, car or similarvehicle, stanchions with guides formed therein, upper and lower overlapping sashes adapted toslidebetween said guides, trunnions on said sashes,

and hooks on said upper sash adapted to en-' gage trunnions on the lower.

10. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guides forming grooves, one on each side of each of said stanchions, irreg ular walls in said guides forming pockets and enlargements in the grooves above the pockets, and sashes and panels guided by said grooves.

11. l n a convertible car or; similar vehicle, stanchions with guides, upper and lower overlapping sashes whose movement is determined by said guides, hooks secured to said upper sash, so as to be flush with the edges of its sides, and trunnions secured to plates sunk below the edges of said lower sash so that the said trunnions may be engaged by said hooks.

12. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guide-frames secured therein, flanges secured to the said frames adjacent to their upper ends, overlapping sashes guided by said flanges at the upward limit of their movement.

13. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guide-frames secured therewith, irregular walls in said frames forming pockets and enlarged grooves and panels and sashes whose movement is determined by said frames.

14. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guide-frames secured therein, each of said frames comprising grooved lower portions and a bifurcated upper portion forming two upper arms, one of said arms being grooved to form. a continuation of the groove in the lower portion, overlapping sashes adapted to slide in said grooves, fixed panels connecting said stanchions, and a movable panel whose movement is determined by said frames and fixed panels.

15. As an article of manufacture, a guideframe for convertible cars and the like comprising a grooved lower portion and a bifurcated upper portion forming arms, one of said arms being adapted to act as a guide for a panel and the other being grooved to form a continuation of the groove in the lower portion and an irregular wall on one side of the groove in the upper portion where by a pocket and enlarged groove are formed.

16. As an articleof manufacture, a stanchion which is grooved with adjoining grooves ofdifferent depths, a guide-frame with an irregular wall forming a pocket, secured to said stanchion so that said pocket is adjacent to a groove which runs parallel to the lower portion of said frame and is flush with the outer surface thereof.

17. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guiding grooves, sashes adapted to slide between said grooves, and springs with oppositely-curved leaves extending from the edges of said sashes.

18. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, grooved stanchions, sashes adapted to slide between said stanchions, springs with oppositely-curved members secured to said sashes, so that one member of each of said springs extends beyond an edge of the sash.

19. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guides, sashes adapted to slide between said stanchions and whose movement is determined by said guides, and springs with oppositely-curved leaves secured to said sashes by means of a shank.

20. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, and sashes, adapted to slide between said stanchions,springs with op )ositelycurved leaves connected to said sashes by means of integral shank.

21. In a convertible car or similar device, stanehions,a pair of sashes sliding between adjacent stanchions, springs secured to one of said pairs of sashes, and hooks secured to the other sash of each of said pairs.

22. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between adjacent stanchions, one of each of said pairs of sashes being provided with springs, and the other sash of each of said pairs being provided with plates with integral hooks.

23. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between adjacent stanchions, one sash of each pair being provided with springs extending beyond the edge of said sash, and the other sash of each pair being provided with hooks.

2 1. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes sliding between adjacent stanchions, springs extending from one sash of each pair, plates with integral hooks secured to the other sash of each of said pairs, and projecting edges on each of said plates.

25. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between adjacent stanehions, springs extending beyond the edges of one of each pair, and plates with projecting edges and hooks secured to the other sash of each pair.

26. As an article of manufacture, a plate for sashes and the like,provided with a hook,and a projecting lug.

27. As an article of manufacture, a plate for sashes and the like,provided with acurved projecting edge,and an integral lug which is adapted to rest on the upper edge of a sash.

28. As an article of manufacture, a sash, a plate secured to said sash, and a projecting lug extending from said plate and resting on the upper edge of said sash.

29. As an article of manufacture, a sash, a plate, with a hook secured to said sash, said plate being provided with a curved and projecting edge.

30. As an article of manufacture, a sash, with a plate secured thereto, an integral hook extending from said plate, and curved edge also extending from said plate, and a projecting lug attached to said plate, which rests on the upper edge of said sash.

31. As an article of manufacture, a sash, springs secured to said sash adjacent to the edge thereof, and movable trunnions extending from the lower edges of said sashes.

32. As an article of manufacture, a sash,

leaf-springs secured adjacent to the e'dges of said sash near their upper ends, and movable trunnions secured to said sash adjacentits edge, and oppositely-curvedsprings adjacent toits upper edge.

34. As an article of manufacture, a sash with I movable trunnions secured to its lower end, leaf-springs with oppositely-curved members secured adjacent to its upper end so that one leaf extends beyond the edges at each side of said sash.

35. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between thestanchions, one sash of each pair being provided with hooks, and the other sash of each pair being provided with. movable trunnions.

36. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted toslide between adjacent stanchions, plates with hooks and projecting edges secured to one of each pair of sashes, and movable trunnions secured to the other of each pair of sashes.

37. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide betweenadjacent stanchions, plates with hooks and projecting lugs secured to one of each pair of-sashes, and movable trunnions secured to the other of each pair of sashes.

38. In a convertible car or similar vehicle,

stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between adjacent stanchions, plates with the hooks, lugs and projecting curved edges secured to one of each of said pairs of sashes, and

movable trunnions secured to the other sash 0 each pair.

39. In a convertible car orsimilar vehicle, stanchions, pairs of sashes adapted to slide between adjacent stanchions, hooks secured to one sash of each of said pair and springs and movable trunnions secured to the other sash of each pair. v

40. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guides formed therein, a plurality of sashes, trunnions extending from the edges of one of said sashes, and a hook extending from the edge of an adjacent sash and adapted engage one of said trunnions.

41. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guides formed therein, a plurality of sashes adapted to slide between'said guides, one of said sashes being provided with trunnions extending from the edge thereof, and a second sash thereof provided with hooks extending from its edges and adapted to engage some of said trunnions.

42. In a convertible car or similar vehicle, stanchions with guides formed therein, upper and lower overlapping sashes adapted to slide between said guides, trunnions extending from the edges of one of said sashes, and hooksextending from theedges of the other of said sashes, and adapted to engage some of said trunnions.

Signed in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, this 18th-day of August, 1903.

' HENRY E. HADDOCK. Witnesses:

H. A. HEULINGS, H. W. HEULINGS. 

